Entry into Chinese Market Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Entry into Chinese Market - Case Study Example When they decide to enter newer countries, firms have to analyze both the opportunities as well as challenges, so that those challenges can be effectively managed. The first aspect they will have to analyze is the entry mode, so they can pick the best entry mode which has minimal risks, and this applicable to retail firms as well. In addition, they have to focus on the economic and legal aspects that could aid as well as impede them. China is one country, which has optimal opportunities for all firms including the retail firms like the fictional firm of Pesco. This paper will discuss the advantages as well as the disadvantages of entering China by the firm Pesco, focusing on the feasible entry modes, and how Pesco can or have to manage the economic and legal aspects. With the onset of globalization and the opening of the Chinese markets in 1990s, foreign firms particularly retail firms are more than eager to enter to tap the large prospective customer base. China being a country whic h runs on Communist principles, for most part of the 20th century, China raised an â€Å"Iron Curtain† and restricted the foreign firms’ entry, thereby protecting the indigenous firms. However, with globalization providing more opportunities to firms, and with its entry into WTO, Chinese government started to allow foreign firms into its territory. â€Å"Indeed, if we can identify a single moment when the  ­Western- ­dominated Globalization 2.0 gave way to Globalization 3.0, it may have been when China acceded to WTO membership on December 11, 2001† (Walker, n. d). Due to these developments, China particularly started lessening its trade restrictions particularly in the retail sector. The foreign firms for their part are enticed by the huge population of China and how they can be tapped as a huge customer base. â€Å"Most of the world’s major global retail firms are desperate to grab a slice of the world’s largest and most rapidly growing emer ging market† (Gamble, 2006). In addition, the sizable sections of this population have high purchasing power. As the Chinese economy as a whole, is improving optimally, it has resulted in the accentuation of its citizens’ purchasing power, and for the retail firms including Pesco, this can be huge advantage. Because of this favorable business environment in China, Pesco can open its retail outlets. When it comes to the entry mode, Pesco can enter in the form of wholly owned subsidiaries. This entry mode can provide many advantages for Pesco, including in the economic and legal sphere. However, there are risks as well, when this mode is adopted. The first advantage Pesco can garner if it uses the wholly owned subsidiary option and not the joint venture option is the benefits from the new tax regime. The main feature of this new tax regime is that foreign firms as well as foreign firms having joint ventures with Chinese entities have to pay land-use taxes, which is equal and even more than the indigenous Chinese companies and foreign firms’ subsidiaries. That is, in under the earlier favorable tax regimes, the foreign firms including joint ventures were given exemptions from the land-use tax, and were also given permission to construct infrastructures on non-taxed lands and function in them. However, in the new tax structure, foreign firms’ tax payments have been even tripled from the old rate. That is, â€Å"in large cities the annual property tax rate will range from 1.5

The south after the civil war Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The south after the civil war - Essay Example Earlier the south enjoyed a competitive advantage over the rest of the country with the help of slave energy and cultivation of huge plots of land. This measure had dual advantage. Firstly, the wage or cost per labor was considerably low and secondly this cost benefit was ploughed back into the agricultural business by buying large plots of land and cultivating huge area at one time. Thus it is obvious that the yield this way used to be generating formidable surplus out of the business. Once the civil war was lost and the advantage of slave energy was diminished the landlords or the region found it difficult to adjust with the changed situation of escalated labor cost and in the process they were forced to employ tenants and divide the land into smaller plots. Both these factors diminished returns and this caused the south to face a low per capita income and in the process became the most backward states of the nation. (Kunreuther, 526-51) However, there are opposing views to this hypothesis. Ransom believed that the main cause of economic degradation was due to the fact there was a substantial amount of racism present in the South even after the Civil War. This racism induced low legal and social support for the African American in the region.

Impact of Tax Essay Example for Free

Impact of Tax Essay Income tax is a tool to achieve economic growth in any country. Income tax is accepted not only as a means of raising the required public revenue, but also as an essential fiscal instrument for managing the economy (Burgess, 1993). Of all the taxing systems, income tax plays a major role in generation of revenue and distribution of income in any country. If income taxation is poorly designed, it may lead to fiscal imbalance, insufficient tax revenue and distortions in resource allocation that can reduce economic welfare and growth (World Bank, 1991). Hence, an ideal tax system would achieve a balance between resource allocation, income distribution and economic stabilization (Lewis, 1984). Patterns of income taxation (both in level and in composition) differ from country to country because of economic, cultural and historical factors. Ratios of tax revenue to gross domestic product (GDP) in developing countries are typically in the range of 15 to 20%, compared with 30% in industrialized nations (World Bank, 1991). It is also established that countries have different approaches to tax administration. Maisto (1988) stated that â€Å"contradictory approaches towards the subject matter have been shown by the tax authorities of different countries because of their diverging interests†. An optimal tax rate has to compromise between the state’s revenue and its economic development. A high tax rate would deter saving and development, while a lower tax rate would lead to less revenue to the state. A tax directly influences the savings of individuals and companies; it is a double edged sword used to curtail consumption activity and at the same time, allows the taxpayer to save money in different development activities (Swami, 1995). The income tax financing the current social security benefits such as health, security and provision of utilities draws heavily upon income that otherwise would have been saved. Instead of accumulating capital, this income goes to social security transfers which are probably consumed (Boadway, 1982). Bartik (1994a and b) suggested that a 10% lowering of taxes would raise employment and investment between 1 and 6%. World Bank periodically relates that economic development is directly correlated to the level of taxation, more so in developing nations where the lower marginal tax rates have higher economic growth. In addition, policy makers in these countries have a â€Å"keen interest in the elasticity of economic activity with respect to taxes, suggesting that states and regions are interested in manipulating their tax systems in an attempt to attract business or to foster growth† (Wasylenko, 1997). On the other hand, income tax rates are increased due to factors such as enormous reduction in the purchasing power of money, heavy tax erosion, urgent need for yield and dynamic public expenditure (Fossati, 1992). While dealing with the effects of income tax rates (ITR) on economic reforms, Henry and William (1996) suggested that one should evaluate the desirability of reform proposals and the impact of such reforms on individuals and businesses as a whole. They further stated that ITR change would revolve around three factors: the tax base, allowable deductions and economic development. While dealing with the ITR, it is suggested that one should study the effects created by these rates, especially the impact of ITR on economic growth (Holger, 2003). Various governments have different approaches and methods of fixing the ITR. The French Government recently introduced preferential tax treatment by reduced ITR for young innovative companies completely based on the economic growth. The scheme was originally proposed to the State by French biotechnology as â€Å"a way to rapid and strong economic growth† (European Chemical News, 2004). Martin and George (2003) analyzed several tax rates and expenditure categories and concluded that the tax system has a direct impact on the growth rate of the economy of a country. Long-term economic growth has a direct link with the country’s tax policy (John and Pamela, 2003). Fixation of ITR may be based on different systems of taxation. Akira (2003) demonstrated that a flat rate wage tax stimulated economic growth, while interest income taxation did not foster such growth. Tetsuo (2003) suggested that taxation based on environmental pollution factors results in two contradicting issues such as reduction in production and increase in tax revenue, but in the long run, this system will help the healthy economic growth for future generations. Olhoft (2003) is of the opinion that spending millions of taxpayers’ money on tax breaks and tax incentives is most likely a misguided strategy for any State when the State is in budget deficit.

Representation of Photos in the Media

Representation of Photos in the Media Introduction to Media and Media Studies, Writing and the Media, Reading the Media Question 1 For the representation in the media, we can relate to radio, television, cinema, internet such as social media, news and so on. Through them, we receive different information and entertainment, mostly for young people who grew up in modern world and society. Media representation is how media portray particular groups, ideas or topics in the world to another perspective how we see it. Let me take Twitter, for an example. Twitter is social media that have over 1 billion users monthly and 313 million monthly active users. (Twitter usage/Company facts, 2016.) Twitter is one of the social media where people post their opinions about recent events, what is currently happening in their lives, who did something that was not impropriate or who is in a relationship with whom. Some of the companies or/and celebrities are trying to interact with their followers and fans. Those fans can see their inspirations the way they look like, their behavior and not experiencing it in reality. In the interpretation, OShaughnessy and Stadler (2016:35) says that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦media first gives us information and only after the explanationsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ On the way media are teaching people how to make a change in the world and how they see the world around them. Let me take travel blog as an example. For the last few years more and more people are traveling around the world taking photographs, learning about new cultures, new countries, mostly difference between people. Only after they write about it and that is how they teach other people. Personally, I think that is the best way to meet surroundings, to be filled with experience and knowledge. Figure 1: Lin, E. 2013. 7 TIPS TO TRAVEL SMART IN THE SUMMER Summer time is here! It is the perfect time for traveling and exploring the world. (The Lab, 2013) TAKE ANOTHER ONE When we talk about evolution media, they give us the information about some issues or just how to understand genders, religions, cultures or races. They want to teach us how to be normal, basically creating stereotypes and making people being judgmental, how we see the world and the way we are going to treat each other if they are not the same as we are (OShaughnessy Stadler, 2016). Perfect example is with the biggest YouTube star Felix Kjellberg or his channel name PewDiePie and biggest business journal, The Wall Street Journal. Felix is a web-based comedian and video producer whose job is to make people laugh. As PewDiePie/Felix says in the video à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦old school media doesnt like Internet personalities, because they are afraid of us. We have so much influence and such a large voice and they dont understand that (see My Response- PewDiePie, 2017). Even if he did an interview in 2013 with The Wall Street Journal they would only focus how much he earns as the tittle says YouTubes Biggest Draw Plays Games, Earns $4 million a Year (The Wall Street Journal, 2014.) Also the media would only acknowledge him for earning money by playing games as a hobby, spending money on cars and luxuries, but they do not show that he donates millions to charities. But because he was so successful in his career, he wanted to be funnier than usual.   In one of his YouTube videos he went just a bit far with paying two men that were holding a sign saying Death to all Jews after he apologized to everyone saying that he did not expect their response (see My Response PewDiePie, 2017). In the videos he made before, he would wear a uniform, taking Adolf Hitler as a reference to make people laugh, but the words Adolf Hitler was saying had Nazi messages. As The Wall Street Journal (2017:1) says Disney Servers Ties With YouTube Star PewDiePie After Anti-Semitic Posts. After that incident happened Disney canceled his show saying people Jewish religion were offended. PewDiePie automatically responded and apologized to his fans and people all over the world saying he didnt want to offend anyone and that his job is to make people laugh. Other you-tubers are standing with PewDiePie, even his friend whose religion is Jewish. Felix friend Ethan Hakmon or his channel name h3h3Productions, states that Disney and WSJ didnt ask people Jewish religion did they actually got offended or not, because he isnt. (see Is PewDiePie Racist h3h3Productions, 2017). Representation, interpretation and evaluation in media are creating the world as a single community because they are giving their opinions on certain topics. The problem is they have a huge influence on the world and people. People are becoming stereotypes and do not have their own opinion. Question 2 One of the roles in the media is to inform. Media inform us about our surroundings, we can easily find out what is happening in our country or on the other side of the world. For an example Haiti Earthquake in 2010. Oliver Laurent (2015) states On Jan 12, 2010, a devastating earthquake with a magnitude of 7.0 struck Haiti, killing more than 160,000 and displacing close to 1.5 million people. Five years later, the scars of the tragedy remain in Port-au-Prince,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ We chose Haiti as information media because it was terrible for people whose families were on the island on that devastating and sad day. A lot of lives were lost and they are still battling with a lot of different sicknesses and people who are still trying to find them members of families. The second role of in the media is to educate. Media educate us about possible diseases, technology, undiscovered places and different cultures. As an example Elon Musk, who created SolarCity. Musk believes that in 20-30 years majority of the planet will use solar energy system. (see The mind behind Tesla, SpaceX, SolarCity à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ½Elon Musk TED talks, 2013). SolarCity creates roofs who are invisible but cells are exposed to the sun. A roof with hidden solar tiles that powers your home with clean, renewable energy (SolarCity, 2017). Basically, Elon Musk is teaching us how to save the environment around us and use it in a good way, but also how to save our money and time. The third role of the media is to entertain. It contains of film, television, radio and internet. They are providing us with a lot of different content wanting to people to have fun, relax with their family and friends or just socialize. The Walt Disney Company, for example. They are cartoon creation company, film company and music record label. They are also producing clothes and toys (About The Walt Disney Company, 2017). We chose The Walt Disney Company as an entertainment as an example because of their offers and there is something for people in every age. Question 3 Figure 2: Hutchings, M. 2015. Protest on the Ramp: South African Designer Isabelle Lotter Joins #FeesMustFall Movement. (Ramp1885.com, 2015) According to the BuzzFeedNews (2015) #Fees Must Fall Movement is student protest that began mid-October in 2015 and still going in South Africa. Universities wanted to raise costs by 10.5 percent. First protest was on the campus of the University of Witwatersrand and it was spread to other universities in the country. Figure 3: CityogJoburgZA, 2016. South Africa: Flash floods kill six people in Johannesburg. (Africanews.com., 2016) Africanews.com (2016) reports the storm was bad and it was raining a lot on 9th of November 2016. International airport O.R. Tambo was flooded, not only the airport but streets also. Water was everywhere and ended with disaster. People were dying and a lot of the infrastructure was ruined.    Figure 4: Independent.co.uk. 2016. Barack Obama tells Latin America: Dont assume the worst about Donald Trump (Independent.co.uk., 2016) On this picture we can see Barack Obama (right on the picture) who was United States President before Donald Trump (left on the picture) on November 10, 2016. where they discussed about foreign and domestic policy (US Weekly, 2016). The picture was taken after the election at the White House in Washington D.C. (US Weekly, 2016). Question 4 Our analysis of photograph that Sabelo Mlangeni was taking a series of photographs of people who African people are ignoring their existence. JRDIJKSTRA (2014) states in one of his articles that people are judged for things they do and for who they are. They are just trying to find themselves, it is not their fault that they were born in different bodies and different mind. But again, people are going to look at you and point fingers at you just because you do not look like they do. On the provided photographs we can see men who are wearing womans clothes and who represent their selves as women and women who are described as ghost.   JRDIJKSTRA (2014) is asking himself Why then do we hate these boys when they have grown up to be men who dress as women? Why do we turn and call them names, pretending that weve never seen it? The first thing that strikes us is their fashion. Because the way persons hair is done, the way they are dressed and the way they are proud who they are. You cannot really see that often with other people, but again, it is their fashion and this is how they feel and are. Also images are black and white which is unusual for 21 century. Central issue or concern would be how men are dressed in reality and the way they are not afraid to show who and what they are. Also, women on the street are like ghost what actually shows us how we do not realize what is happening around us and who is doing their job. Medium of the photographs are 10241024 and they are all black and white. They give us feeling how was in the past but in present. With his images he reflects on his countrys past, while at the same time looking forward into the future and how life has changed. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¡History forms an important part of my work, he explains, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¡especially in my own country where its just two decades ago that Apartheid was abolished (JRDIJKSTRA, 2014). So many things changed through past in South Africa. We think he wants to show people that difference between race and LGBTI people is not that different. It affects everyone around us and there is no rights of free speech and them coming out as different is brave no matter what other people are saying. Mlangeni wants to show us they existed before, not just in newer era. Sabelo Mlangeni is not relevant in South Africa because LGBTI is not a big topic at the moment the way is in countries overseas. The problem is that our country focuses more on corruption and finance rather than LGBTI. Maybe that is the reason they get more judged here in South Africa or African continent than in Europe, US or Australia.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   Question 5 In South African movies such as District 9 and Tsotsi we can see a lot of crimes and how people are treating each other. Firstly, let me discuss about District 9. Xenophobia is one of the main problems in this movie. Xenophobia is a fear or dislike against people from other countries. (Dictonary.com, s.a.). Also in the movie they are referring to aliens as shrimps. I would say it is a racist thing to say. People from Johannesburg see aliens as people who steal all the time, they are uneducated or just doing illegal things. Tension of the crime is massive. The main character is Wikus van de Merwe, who is a very naive and he only thinks about himself, he also treats aliens like they are nothing. After he sprays a fluid in his face, he starts turning into one of them or into a shrimp. His father-in-law tries to convince his daughter to move on, because he does not like him that is why he even gave him a promotion in the company called MNU. Nigerian people were shown as War Lords because they were selling cat food to aliens as a scam, they would trade cat food for alien weapon. The problem was that the wea pon works only with alien identity, so the boss of Nigerians wanted to cut Wikus hand off. Muti is a term for a witch doctor that Nigerians believed in, they would kill aliens and eat their parts hoping they will get their powers to use their weapon. Another problem is that the media would show everything what is happening. At one point when the explosion happened, they said it was a terrorist attack, which was a lie. Also, when Wikus body started to change, people would see him on the news or hear on the radio and they would run away from him. Nobody wanted to listen to him and hear what he has to say, people only believed in mass media. At the end they were all judgmental to each other, because they were not the same (District 9, 2009). And Tsotsi (2005) is a movie about stealing from people, killing and running away from reality. One of the problems is how those people live. Their houses are not in proper conditions, there are a lot of diseases that can be spread around them. The second problem was that the main character did not know how to communicate without using his gun, he would have disrespectful behavior and he did not have mercy for anyone.   The third problem is that most of the children from the street are on the street because they dont have families or their families are just ruined. The main characters mom was sick and she died when he was little and his dad was alcoholic, so he basically did not have anyone to raise him on the way he can have an education or love. He would steal more and more from people who would look better looking, fights and killing others were the answer for everything. The only reason for changing his mind from all the crime was the baby from the car he stole. At the end he returns baby home after trying to take care of him, realizing it is very hard to take care of kids if you dont have money and safe area to live. Also, he took responsibilities for his actions. Question 6 6.1. Vodacom Summer 2015 Advert caption does not have anything with the provided link. However, advert that was on offer on provided link was a Blue Ribbon Bread (My Mom Is So Cool, 2015). The advert is way too long and it loses the whole point of the advert. We also decided to find Vodacom Summer 2015 Advert (Vodacom Summer 2015, 2015). From the begging we can see it that advert is about Vodacom. We think they tried to show their consumers and future consumers that they can stay in touch and stay connected no matter in which situation they are or where ever they are. 6.2. Chicken Licken Advert (Inner peace, 2015) tries to show us how their master is going to do everything and anything to get chicken pieces and just because he is eating their chicken he is so good in karate. 6.3. KFC (Emzini Wezinsizwa KFC South Africa advert, 2015) advert shows us that family or group of five can share one meal for a good price. The quality of the food is excellent because they would do anything for it. Also main characters in the advert according to the SABC1 (2017), were from the highly popular African sitcom Emzini Wezinsizwa. Bibliography/Reference list: Twitter usage/Company facts. 2017. Its whats happening, 30 June 2016. à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ ºOnlineà ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ . Available at: https://about.twitter.com/company à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ ºAccessed 03.03.2017à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ . OShaughnessy, M. and Stadler, J. 2016. Media and society. 5th ed. South Melbourne, Victoria, Australia: Oxford University press. Lin, E. 2013. 7 tips to travel smart in the summer, The Lab!, 2 July 2013 à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ ºBlogà ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ . à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ ºOnlineà ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ . Available at: http://blog.kdanmobile.com/2013/07/02/7-tips-to-travel-smart-in-the-summer/ à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ ºAccessed 03.03.2017à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ . OShaughnessy, M. and Stadler, J. 2016. Media and Society. 5th ed. South Melbourne, Victoria, Australia: Oxford University press. My Response PewDiePie. 2017. YouTube video, added by PewDiePie à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ ºOnlineà ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ . https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lwk1DogcPmU à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ ºAccessed 03.04.2017à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ . My Response PewDiePie. 2017. YouTube video, added by PewDiePie à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ ºOnlineà ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ . https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lwk1DogcPmU à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ ºAccessed 03.04.2017à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ . Grundberg, S. and Hansegards, J. 2014. Youtubes biggest draw plays games, earns 4$ million a year. Cussing, Comic Videogame Reviwer PewDiePIe has 27 Million Subscribers. The Wall Street Journal. 1. à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ ºOnlineà ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ . Available at: https://www.wsj.com/articles/youtube-star-plays-videogames-earns-4-million-a-year-1402939896 à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ ºAccessed: 04.03.2017à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ . Winkler, R., Nicas, J. and Fritz, B. 2017. Disney Servers Ties With YouTube Star PewDiePie After Anti-Semitic Posts. Move came after the Journal asked about videos in which he included anti-Semitic jokes or Nazi imagery. The Wall Street Journal. 1. à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ ºOnlineà ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ . https://www.wsj.com/articles/disney-severs-ties-with-youtube-star-pewdiepie-after-anti-semitic-posts-1487034533 à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ ºAccessed 04.03.2017à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ . Is PewDiePie Racist? h3h3Productions. 2017. YouTube video, added by h3h3Productions à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ ºOnlineà ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ . https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JLNSiFrS3n4 à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ ºAccessed 04.03.2017à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ . Laurent, O. 2016. Haiti Earthquake Five Years Later. Time.com, 21 January 2015 à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ ºOnlineà ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ . Available at:   http://time.com/3662225/haiti-earthquake-five-year-after/ à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ ºAccessed 04.03.2017à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ . The mind behind Tesla, SpaceX, SolarCity à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ½Elon Musk TED talks. 2017. YouTube video, added by TED à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ ºOnlineà ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ . https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IgKWPdJWuBQ à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ ºAccessed 04.03.2017à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ . SolarCity. 2017. Solar roof. à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ ºn.d.à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚  2017. à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ ºOnlineà ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ . Available at: http://www.solarcity.com/residential/solar-roof à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ ºAccessed 04.03.2017à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ . The Walt Disney Company. 2017. About The Walt Disney Company, 2017. à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ ºOnlineà ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ . Available at: https://thewaltdisneycompany.com/about/   à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ ºAccessed 04.03.2017à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ . Ramp1885.com. 2015. Protest on the Ramp: South African Designer Isabelle Lotter Joins #FeesMustFall Movement. [Online]. Available at: http://ramp1885.com/protest-on-the-ramp-south-african-designer-isabelle-lotter-joins-feesmustfall-movement/ à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ ºAccessed 04.03.2017à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ . Africanews.com. 2016. South Africa: Flash floods kill six people in Johannesburg. [Online]. Available at: http://www.africanews.com/2016/11/10/south-africa-flash-floods-kill-six-people-in-johannesburg/ à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ ºAccessed 04.03.2017à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ . Africanews.com. 2016. South Africa:Flash floods kill six people in Johannesburg. [Online]. Available at: http://www.africanews.com/2016/11/10/south-africa-flash-floods-kill-six-people-in-johannesburg/ à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ ºAccessed 04.03.2017à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ . Independent.co.uk. 2016. Barack Obama tells Latin America: Dont assume the worst about Donald Trump. [Online]. Available at: http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/barack-obama-donald-trump-latinamerica-president-elect-dont-assume-worst-tpp-trade-a7427986.html à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ ºAccessed 04.03.2017à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ . US Weekly. 2016. President Obama, Michelle Obama Welcome Donald Trump, Melania to White House, 10 November 2016 à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ ºOnlineà ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ . http://www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-news/news/president-obama-donald-trump-meet-at-white-house-post-election-w449671 à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ ºAccessed 04.03.2017à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ . US Weekly. 2016. President Obama, Michelle Obama Welcome Donald Trump, Melania to White House, 10 November 2016 à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ ºOnlineà ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ . http://www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-news/news/president-obama-donald-trump-meet-at-white-house-post-election-w449671 à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ ºAccessed 04.03.2017à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ . JRDIJKSTRA. 2014. Jorrit R Dijkstra. My photographs dont belong in a drawer. à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ ºOnlineà ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ . http://jorritdijkstra.nl/?tag=sabelo-mlangeni à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ ºAccessed 07.03.2017à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ . JRDIJKSTRA. 2014. Jorrit R Dijkstra. My photographs dont belong in a drawer. à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ ºOnlineà ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ . http://jorritdijkstra.nl/?tag=sabelo-mlangeni à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ ºAccessed 07.03.2017à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ . Dictonary.com s.a. à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ ºOnlineà ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ . http://www.dictionary.com/browse/xenophobia?s=t à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ ºAccessed 04.03.2017à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ . District 9. 2009. Directed by Neil Blompkamp, à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ ºFilmà ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ . South Africa, New Zealand, United States: TriStar Pictures. Tsotsi. 2005. Directed by Gavin Hood, à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ ºFilmà ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ . South Africa: Ster-Kinekor Pictures and Miramax Films. My Mom Is So Cool Blue Ribbon Bread. 2015., added by Blue Ribbon Bread, 19 Feb 2014. à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ ºBrand videoà ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ . https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oW4WfO0LMnw à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ ºAccessed 07.03.2017à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ . Vodacom Summer 2015 MyBroadband. 2016. YouTube video, added by MyBroadband à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ ºOnlineà ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ . https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4iBZpTdDNTs à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ ºAccessed 07.03.2017à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ . Inner peace Chicken Licken Advert. 2015., Agency Net#work BBDO Johannesburg, South Africa, 5 Nov 2015.   à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ ºBrand videoà ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ . https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dMctGA8CzQE   à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ ºAccessed 07.03.2017à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ . SABC 1. 2017. About Emzini Wezinsizwa, à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ ºn.dà ¯Ã‚ Ã‚  2017. à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ ºOnlineà ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ . http://www.sabc1.co.za/sabc/home/sabc1/schedule/details?id=63154728-3583-4156-a34b-f080985d6811title=Emzini%20Wezinsizwa à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ ºAccessed 07.03.2017à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ . In the List of Figures: Figure 5: Lin, E. 2013. 7 TIPS TO TRAVEL SMART IN THE SUMMER: Summer time is here! It is the perfect time for traveling and exploring the world. Figure 6: Hutchings, M. 2015. Protest on the Ramp: South African Designer Isabelle Lotter Joins #FeesMustFall Movement. 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Differential Association Essay -- essays research papers fc

Sutherland’s Differential Association Born August 13, 1883 in Gibbon, Nebraska, Edwin H. Sutherland grew up and studied in Ottawa, Kansas, and Grand Island, Nebraska. After receiving his B.A degree from Grand Island College in 1904, he taught Latin, Greek, History, and shorthand for two years at Sioux Falls College in South Dakota. In 1906 he left Sioux Falls College and entered graduate school at the University of Chicago from which he received his doctorate. (Gaylord, 1988:7-12) While attending the University of Chicago he changed his major from history to sociology. Much of his study was influenced by the Chicago approach to the study of crime that emphasized human behavior as determined by social and physical environmental factors, rather than genetic or personal characteristics. (Gaylord, 1988:7-12) With his studies completed he began work at the University of Minnesota from 1926 to 1929 where his reputation as a leading criminologist was enhanced. At this time, his focus became sociology as a scientific enterprise whose goal was the understanding and control of social problems, including crime. (Gaylord, 1988:13) After his time at Minnesota he moved to Indiana University and founded the Bloomington School of Criminology at Indiana University. While at Indiana, he published 3 books, including Twenty Thousand Homeless Men (1936), The Professional Thief (1937), and the third edition of Principles of Criminology (1939). Finally in 1939 he was elected president of the American Sociological Society, and in 1940 was elected president of the Sociological Research Association. Similar in importance to strain theory and social control theory, Differential Association theory was Sutherland's major sociological contribution to criminology; . These theories all explain deviance in terms of the individual's social relationships. By attributing the cause of crime to the social context of individuals, Differential Association departs from the pathological perspective and biological perspective. "He rejected biological determinism and the extreme individualism of psychiatry, as well as economic explanations of crime. His search for an alternative understanding of crime led to the development of Differential Association theory. In contrast to both classical and biological theories, Differential Associat... ...s Sutherland a pioneer for all criminologists. Works Cited: Akers, Ronald L.. (1996). Is differential association/social learning cultural deviance theory? Criminology. Gaylord, Mark S and John F. Galliher. (1988). The criminology of Edwin Sutherland. Transaction, Inc Jacoby, Joseph E.. (1994). Classics of criminology. Waveland press, Inc. Matseuda, Ross L.. (1988). The current state of differential association theory. Crime and Delinquency (July 1988). Sage Publication Pfohl, Stephen. (1994). Images of deviance and social control. McGraw-Hill, Inc. Skinner, William F. and Anne M. Fream(1997). A social learning theory analysis of computer crime among college student. Journal of research in crime and delinquency. Sage Publication Sutherland, Edwin H.. (1974). Criminology. J.B. Lippincott Company Sutherland, Edwin H.. (1961). White-collar crime. Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc Sutherland, Edwin H.. (1937). The professional thief. The university of Chicago. Tittle, Charles R. and Mary Jean Burke(1986). Modeling Sutherland’s theory of differential association: Toward an empirical clarification. Social Forces. Warr, Mark (1993). Parents, Peers, and Delinquency. Social forces.

Favorite Room

My Favorite Room Walking through the front door of my apartment, I enter my favorite and most relaxing place to be: the living room. Sitting in my living room I feel relaxed and stress free. The first thing I see when I walk in is my wife’s shoe rack. To the left is her creepy monkey picture. When I look to the right I can see the whole room. I try to keep it nice and clean, but with school work, it doesn’t always stay that way.As I sit down on my big comfortable couch, I look up at my huge three piece entertainment center in front of me. The entertainment center holds my new flat screen TV, PlayStation 3, and DVD surround sound system. To the right of the entertainment center is our black book shelf which holds our novel books; I love to read when I have free time. To the left of the entertainment center is a matching book shelf which holds all of our text books from school.On the right side of the couch is a match chair and foot rest. The furniture set was a gift to m y wife, so it has a lot of sentimental value to us. On the far left wall is the sliding glass door that leads to our patio. When the weather is nice, I like to sit on the patio and read or do my homework. When I’m sitting in my living room, I feel a sense of safety. No matter what kind of day I have had, as soon as I am in my living room, all of my stress is lifted; I can truly relax in my favorite place.

American Indians Today Essay

The Native Americans were the primary citizens of America long before white men set on foot in the area. When the Europeans conquered the American soil, an estimated 10 million Indians composed the Population of America. It is situated at the north of the country, present-day Mexico. According to history scholars, the Native Americans were believed to settle in the country approximately 20,000 to 30,000 years ago. (nativeamericans) The Native Americans were able to get into the country through the land-bridge situated from the northeastern Siberia into Alaska. The primary Indian cultures in North America is classified into Sandia, discovered in 15000 BC, Clovis in 12000 BC and Folsom in 8000 BC. The identification of the Native Americans should not be misguidedly understood as the Indians of Asia since the term was coined by Christopher Columbus when he mistakenly believe the Native Americans as part of the islands of America as part of the Indies in Asia. (nativeamericans) When the Europeans arrived in the country, the Native Americans welcomed them graciously and considered it a marvel to see white men. Considering also the technologies the European brought, the Native Americans were impressed with their conquering guests. However, as the Europeans started to degrade the forests inhabited by the Native Americans, the Native Americans realized the real intention of the Europeans that has consequently disturbed the balance in their nature. Aside from the natural resources employed by the European conquerors, even the Native Americans were seen as a commodity for manpower and labor. (Berkhofers) The Native Americans began to attribute the Europeans into soulless creatures that were in their territory to destruct their natural environment. Not only did the Europeans abuse the environment, they also brought diseases that were infectious to the Native Americans. This eventually led to several uprising of the Native Indians. (Berkhofers)The Europeans were accustomed to conquests, so the Native Americans responded against the Indian Wars and the Indian Removal Act which enabled the Europeans to have ownership of the country. It was a great disadvantage for the Native Americans because of their number, lack of weapons and unwillingness to cooperate even at their own expense. In a final blow against the Native Americans, U. S cavalrymen massacred Indian warriors, women and children in 1890. (â€Å"Native America: Portrait of the People†; Thomas) For many years, many have believed that the Native Americans are extinct cultures. That is why many American Indians are advocating their right to be known as a culture which fought hard and survived whatever they have experienced in their own native land. Many American Indians are still trying to establish their own identity in a country that has become to be white men populated.